ايوب سعيدي

Obesity and increased adipose tissue contribute to insulin resistance through the secretion of certain adipokines. Gremlin-1 and MIF, which are primarily secreted from adipose tissue, exhibit an inverse relationship with insulin resistance and obesity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of circuit resistance training, continuous training, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on Gremlin-1 and MIF levels in obese men. Method: For this purpose, 44 obese male volunteers were randomly assigned to four groups: control (n=11), continuous training (n=11), interval training (n=11), and circuit resistance training (n=11). The training programs were conducted over 12 weeks, with three sessions per week. The HIIT protocol consisted of six 3-minute intervals at 90% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂ max), with 3 minutes of active recovery at 50% VO₂ max between intervals. Continuous training involved 50 minutes of running at 70% VO₂ max. Circuit resistance training included 50 minutes of exercise (7 minutes of warm-up at 70% VO₂ max, followed by 3 rounds of 11 stations with a work-to-rest ratio of 40:20 seconds, 1 minute of rest between sets, and 7 minutes of cool-down). Heart rate was monitored using a heart rate monitor, and exercise intensity was maintained at 82% of maximum heart rate (approximately equivalent to 70% VO₂ max). Blood samples were collected 48 hours before the first training session and 48 hours after the last session for analysis. Results: Intergroup analysis revealed significant differences in Gremlin-1 (P<0.001) and MIF (P<0.001) levels among the groups. Bonferroni post-hoc tests for Gremlin-1indicated significant differences between the control group and the interval training group (P=0.048), the control group and the circuit resistance training group (P=0.012), and the continuous training group and the circuit resistance training group (P=0.044). No significant differences were observed between other groups (P>0.05). Paired t-tests showed significant reductions in pre- and post-training data in the continuous (P=0.033), interval (P<0.001), and circuit resistance training groups (P<0.001). For MIF, Bonferroni post-hoc tests revealed significant differences between the control group and the interval training group (P=0.022) and the control group and the circuit resistance training group (P=0.001). No significant differences were found between other groups (P>0.05). Paired t-tests demonstrated significant reductions in pre- and post-training data in the circuit resistance (P=0.005) and interval training groups (P<0.001). Discussion and Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that exercise training reduces Gremlin-1and MIF levels, with greater effects observed in interval and circuit resistance training compared to continuous training.

It seems that exercise training combined with supplements as a non-pharmacological intervention is effective in weight loss and obesity through changes in hormones and inflammatory factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate 12 weeks of resistance interval training combined with Chlorella vulgaris supplementation on adropin and MANF in obese men. In this quasi-experimental study, 44 obese male volunteers who worked in public and administrative centers and were between the ages of 23 and 32 with a body mass index of 30 and a waist-to-height ratio greater than 0.5 were studied. The subjects were randomly assigned to four groups: control (n = 11), exercise (n = 11), supplement (n = 11), and exercise-supplement (n = 11). The training groups performed resistance interval training 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks in the form of 3 sets of 13 repetitions at an intensity of 60% of one maximum repetition, with active rest between sets and an intensity of 20% of one maximum repetition and a number of repetitions of 15. The group taking the supplement consumed 1800 mg of Chlorella vulgaris, which was 6 tablets. Fasting blood samples were taken from the subject's right brachial vein 48 hours before and 48 hours after the training period. After ensuring the normal distribution of the data, the data were analyzed using a two-way variance test, Bonferroni's post hoc test, and dependent T-test (P<0.05). The results showed that serum adropin levels increased significantly after 12 weeks of resistance interval training with Chlorella vulgaris supplementation (P=0.031). However, no significant differences were found between the other groups (P>0.05). Serum MANF levels decreased significantly after 12 weeks of resistance interval training (P < 0.001). As a result, there was a significant difference between the control group and the training groups (P = 0.008) and the supplement group (P < 0.001), as well as between the supplement group and the supplement group (P = 0.041). However, no significant difference was found between the other groups (P > 0.05). It seems that resistance interval training combined with chlorella vulgaris supplementation can be a strategy for reducing body weight and, as a result, improving inflammatory indices for obesity, and regular and long-term exercise training can be a preventive factor in obesity.

Introduction: Obesity is a major medical problem worldwide and is a leading cause of death in many developed countries. One way to prevent obesity is to use physical activity and a proper diet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of interval resistance training with Algomed supplementation on LEAP-2 and PCSK-9 in obese men. Method: In this study, 44 obese male volunteers aged 23-32 were selected and the subjects were homogeneously divided into four groups: placebo-control (11 people), supplement (11 people), exercise- placebo (11 people), and supplement exercise (11 people). The exercise group performed interval resistance training for 12 weeks, whose interval resistance training protocol included 8 upper and lower body movements, intermittently.The exercises were performed in 3 sets of 13 repetitions with 60% 1RM, active rest between sets, with anintensity of 20%, and a number of repetitions of 15. The subjects in the supplement group consumed 1800mg of Algomed algae in the form of 6 tablets (2 tablets one and a half hours before breakfast, 2 tabletsone and a half hours before lunch, 2 tablets one and a half hours before dinner) (according to the manufacturer's instructions). The placebo group also consumed starch tablets in the same color as Algomed tablets. Blood samples were taken before and 48 hours after the last training session and were used to analyze the indicators. Two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used to compare between groups, and correlated T-test was used for intra-group changes at a significant level (P<0.05). The study of inter-group changes between groups showed that there was a significant difference in the PCSK-9 and LEAP2 indices. (P<0.05).Conclusion: The present study showed that interval resistance training and Algomed supplementationalone reduced PCSK-9 and LEAP-2, and this improvement was greater in the group that took the exerciseand supplement simultaneously.

Introduction: The increase in physical demands in combat sports requires the athletes to exercise close to their maximum strength, and due to the competitive aspect and direct and continuous fighting, it causes the athletes to be more exposed to injury. Muscle injury Sports-induced (EIMD) occurs during sports competitions and training programs, which is a common issue in sports medicine. Athletes often experience EIMD after starting a new exercise or by increasing the intensity of exercise, which causes pain and swelling, disability and temporary decrease in performance and quality of exercise and increase in free radicals. There are conflicting studies on the use of beetroot juice supplements. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 2 weeks of red beet juice supplementation on serum indicators (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and myoglobin) of taekwondo athletes. Methods: Among male taekwondo players, 20 people were selected purposefully and then randomly divided into two groups of 10 people: exercise-beet juice supplement and exercise-placebo. Subjects consumed beet juice supplement for 2 weeks, daily in 2 portions of 150 ml. The placebo group used the same amount of water and 3 grams per liter of red beetroot extract with food coloring. The training protocol during the Yari supplement period included three sessions per week of routine gym exercises. , then they performed a session of exercises selected by the researcher in 3 sets with 15 repetitions and 1 minute rest between each set. The selected program included: 10-minute general warm-up (consisting of dynamic movements, slow running and stretching exercises), Sargent's jump, climbing swim, platform jump, burpee, bicycle stomach, and speed mitt between each set. Blood samples were taken 3 times, 48 hours before the start of the research, 2 hours and 48 hours after the selected training session and after 8-10 hours of fasting in order to evaluate the indices of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and myoglobin. Findings: In the experimental group after the intervention, creatine kinase had a significant decrease in 2 hours (P₌.007) and 48 hours (P₌.019) after the test compared to the placebo group. Also, a significant decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (023 (P₌) at 48 hours after training in the group with beet juice supplement was compared to the pre-test, and also myoglobin at 2 hours (P₌.011) and 48 hours (P₌.033) after the test was significantly It decreased in the supplement group, but in the placebo group, these indicators did not change significantly (P₌˂ 0.5). Conclusion: The present study showed that performing some simulated activities of taekwondo causes muscle damage and consuming red beetroot juice antioxidant supplement can reduce the serum indicators of muscle damage caused by exercise such as creatine kinase. lactate dehydrogenase and myoglobin.