Microencapsulation of bioactive peptides derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of apple core protein by spray drying
2024
Fruit peel, seeds and pulp are the most common by-products that are known as waste after processing. In this study, apple core protein (as a by-product from juice and pulp factories) was hydrolyzed with alcalase and pancreatin enzymes, which resulted in the production of bioactive peptides. Nowadays, bioactive peptides are of particular importance due to their key role in health promotion. The enzymatic digestion process (PH=7.4) was performed at times of (60,120,180) minutes and at concentrations of 2% w/w (enzyme to substrate ratio). Then, the physical and chemical properties and antioxidant activity were measured. For the encapsulation section, maltodextrin was used in the ratio of (2:1), (3:1) core to wall (core to maltodextrin) for encapsulation. Fortunately, the spray dryer performance was more successful and economical in this regard. Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins has been shown to be an effective factor in increasing the antioxidant properties of proteins. In microencapsulated hydrolysates, solubility, bitterness, and oil absorption capacity were improved. The results showed that the moisture content index, powder production efficiency, antioxidant activity, flowability, wettability, and density were affected by different ratios of maltodextrin carrier. The microencapsulation process with the carrier significantly improved the functional properties and increased the physical stability of the peptides. Evaluation of the chemical structure of the spectrophotometer (FTIR) showed the occurrence of structural changes in the amide I region due to the placement within the carrier matrix. And the various signals observed in the protein structure were due to the vibration of the N-H and O-H groups. In the microencapsulated compounds, the removal of compounds associated with unpleasant aromas increased the level of desirability of the microencapsulations. The XRD profile showed a higher degree of crystallinity of the hydrolyzed sample. Microencapsulation with maltodextrin resulted in broader peaks (amorphous state).